Frequency of serological non-responders and false-negative RT-PCR
Frequency of serological non-responders and false-negative RT-PCR results in SARS-CoV-2 testing: a population-based study
Objectives The sensitivity of molecular and serological methods for COVID-19 testing in an epidemiological setting is not well described. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of negative RT-PCR results at first clinical presentation as well as negative serological results after a follow-up of at least 3 weeks. Methods Among all patients seen for suspected COVID-19 in Liechtenstein (n=1921), we included initially RT-PCR positive index patients (n=85) as well as initially RT-PCR negative (n=66) for follow-up with SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing.
Antibodies were detected with seven different commercially available immunoassays. Frequencies of negative RT-PCR and serology results in individuals with COVID-19 were determined and compared to those observed in a validation cohort of Swiss patients (n=211). Results Among COVID-19 patients in Liechtenstein, false-negative RT-PCR at initial presentation was seen in 18% (12/66), whereas negative serology in COVID-19 patients was 4% (3/85). The validation cohort showed similar frequencies: 2/66 (3%) for negative serology, and 16/155 (10%) for false negative RT-PCR. COVID-19 patients with negative follow-up serology tended to have a longer disease duration (p=0.05) and more clinical symptoms than other patients with COVID-19 (p<0.05).
The antibody titer from quantitative immunoassays was positively associated with the number of disease symptoms and disease duration (p<0.001). Conclusions RT-PCR at initial presentation in patients with suspected COVID-19 can miss infected patients. Antibody titers of SARS-CoV-2 assays are linked to the number of disease symptoms and the duration of disease. One in 25 patients with RT-PCR-positive COVID-19 does not develop antibodies detectable with frequently employed and commercially available immunoassays.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of GPR119 from Human. This GPR119 antibody is for WB, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human GPR119 at AA rangle: 160-240
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of GPR119 from Human. This GPR119 antibody is for WB, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human GPR119 at AA rangle: 160-240
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of GPR119 from Human. This GPR119 antibody is for WB, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human GPR119 at AA rangle: 160-240
Description: GPR119 encodes a member of the rhodopsin subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors that is expressed in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. The G protein-coupled receptor 119 is activated by lipid amides including lysophosphatidylcholine and oleoylethanolamide and may be involved in glucose homeostasis. This protein is a potential drug target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Description: GPR119 encodes a member of the rhodopsin subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors that is expressed in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. The G protein-coupled receptor 119 is activated by lipid amides including lysophosphatidylcholine and oleoylethanolamide and may be involved in glucose homeostasis. This protein is a potential drug target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Description: GPR119 encodes a member of the rhodopsin subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors that is expressed in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. The G protein-coupled receptor 119 is activated by lipid amides including lysophosphatidylcholine and oleoylethanolamide and may be involved in glucose homeostasis. This protein is a potential drug target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Description: This gene encodes a member of the rhodopsin subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors that is expressed in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. The encoded protein is activated by lipid amides including lysophosphatidylcholine and oleoylethanolamide and may be involved in glucose homeostasis. This protein is a potential drug target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Description: This gene encodes a member of the rhodopsin subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors that is expressed in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. The encoded protein is activated by lipid amides including lysophosphatidylcholine and oleoylethanolamide and may be involved in glucose homeostasis. This protein is a potential drug target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Description: This gene encodes a member of the rhodopsin subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors that is expressed in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. The encoded protein is activated by lipid amides including lysophosphatidylcholine and oleoylethanolamide and may be involved in glucose homeostasis. This protein is a potential drug target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Description: This gene encodes a member of the rhodopsin subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors that is expressed in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. The encoded protein is activated by lipid amides including lysophosphatidylcholine and oleoylethanolamide and may be involved in glucose homeostasis. This protein is a potential drug target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human GPR119 (aa186-235). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
When should clinicians repeat SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR?: Repeat PCR testing targeting patients with pulmonary CT findings suggestive of COVID-19
Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 is sometimes repeated when clinicians suspect a false-negative result, but the conditions under which repeated RT-PCR testing is warranted remain unclear. We evaluated the practice of repeat RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 in 45 patients who retested after an initial negative PCR test. Of these, the diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was confirmed in four patients with typical chest computed tomography (CT) findings, and one patient without typical CT findings in whom the test result was strongly suspected to be false positive. We recommend repeat RT-PCR only for patients with typical CT findings of COVID-19.
A survey of gastrointestinal nematode species in red deer (Cervus elaphus) farms in New Zealand using PCR
Gastrointestinal nematodes are recognised as an animal health issue for farmed red deer. The aim of this study was to explore the range of species infecting farmed deer herds and their farm-level prevalence in New Zealand. Faecal samples were collected from 12-24-month-old deer (n = 6-26; mean 19) on 59 farms located in the North (n = 25) and South (n = 34) Islands. Sub-samples of faeces were pooled by farm and cultured to recover third stage larvae. Twenty four larvae were randomly selected and identified to species using a multiplex PCR (total = 1217 larvae). At farm-level the most prevalent nematodes were Oesophagostomum venulosum 83% (n = 49) and the deer-specific nematodes in the subfamily Ostertagiinae (=Ostertagia-type) including, Spiculoptera asymmetrica 73% (n = 43), Ostertagia leptospicularis 47% (n = 28), Spiculoptera spiculoptera 47% (n = 28). The recently identified Trichostrongylus askivali was present on 32% (n = 19) of the farms and Oesophagostomum sikae on 17% (n = 10). In the analysis of the total number of larvae identified, the proportion was in similar order, 45% (n = 548) were O. venulosum, 14% (n = 173) S. asymmetrica, 10% (n = 124) S. spiculoptera, 9% (n = 114) O. leptospicularis, T. askivali, 3% (n = 40) and only 2% were O. sikae (n = 20). This study is the first to show the farm-level prevalence of nematode species in deer in New Zealand and the first to use PCR as a diagnostic tool. It provides data consistent with cross-infection from sheep/cattle to deer, and provided tentative insights into the proportions of the main GIN species across the deer population including O. sikae and T. askivali which have only recently been identified in New Zealand.
Description: This gene encodes a poly(A) binding protein. The protein shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm and binds to the 3' poly(A) tail of eukaryotic messenger RNAs via RNA-recognition motifs. The binding of this protein to poly(A) promotes ribosome recruitment and translation initiation; it is also required for poly(A) shortening which is the first step in mRNA decay. The gene is part of a small gene family including three protein-coding genes and several pseudogenes.
Description: This gene encodes a poly(A) binding protein. The protein shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm and binds to the 3' poly(A) tail of eukaryotic messenger RNAs via RNA-recognition motifs. The binding of this protein to poly(A) promotes ribosome recruitment and translation initiation; it is also required for poly(A) shortening which is the first step in mRNA decay. The gene is part of a small gene family including three protein-coding genes and several pseudogenes.
Description: This gene encodes a poly(A) binding protein. The protein shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm and binds to the 3' poly(A) tail of eukaryotic messenger RNAs via RNA-recognition motifs. The binding of this protein to poly(A) promotes ribosome recruitment and translation initiation; it is also required for poly(A) shortening which is the first step in mRNA decay. The gene is part of a small gene family including three protein-coding genes and several pseudogenes.
Description: Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) bind to the poly(A) tail present at the 3-prime ends of most eukaryotic mRNAs. PABPC4 or IPABP (inducible PABP) was isolated as an activation-induced T-cell mRNA encoding a protein. Activation of T cells increased PABPC4 mRNA levels in T cells approximately 5-fold. PABPC4 contains 4 RNA-binding domains and proline-rich C terminus. PABPC4 is localized primarily to the cytoplasm. It is suggested that PABPC4 might be necessary for regulation of stability of labile mRNA species in activated T cells. PABPC4 was also identified as an antigen, APP1 (activated-platelet protein-1), expressed on thrombin-activated rabbit platelets. PABPC4 may also be involved in the regulation of protein translation in platelets and megakaryocytes or may participate in the binding or stabilization of polyadenylates in platelet dense granules. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) bind to the poly(A) tail present at the 3-prime ends of most eukaryotic mRNAs. PABPC4 or IPABP (inducible PABP) was isolated as an activation-induced T-cell mRNA encoding a protein. Activation of T cells increased PABPC4 mRNA levels in T cells approximately 5-fold. PABPC4 contains 4 RNA-binding domains and proline-rich C terminus. PABPC4 is localized primarily to the cytoplasm. It is suggested that PABPC4 might be necessary for regulation of stability of labile mRNA species in activated T cells. PABPC4 was also identified as an antigen, APP1 (activated-platelet protein-1), expressed on thrombin-activated rabbit platelets. PABPC4 may also be involved in the regulation of protein translation in platelets and megakaryocytes or may participate in the binding or stabilization of polyadenylates in platelet dense granules. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) bind to the poly(A) tail present at the 3-prime ends of most eukaryotic mRNAs. PABPC4 or IPABP (inducible PABP) was isolated as an activation-induced T-cell mRNA encoding a protein. Activation of T cells increased PABPC4 mRNA levels in T cells approximately 5-fold. PABPC4 contains 4 RNA-binding domains and proline-rich C terminus. PABPC4 is localized primarily to the cytoplasm. It is suggested that PABPC4 might be necessary for regulation of stability of labile mRNA species in activated T cells. PABPC4 was also identified as an antigen, APP1 (activated-platelet protein-1), expressed on thrombin-activated rabbit platelets. PABPC4 may also be involved in the regulation of protein translation in platelets and megakaryocytes or may participate in the binding or stabilization of polyadenylates in platelet dense granules. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human ETO polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human SHH Polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human ETO polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human p53 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human G9a polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human YY1 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human PML polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human RARA polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human EzH2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human BRD2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human BMI1 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human EZH2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human RARA polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human EZH2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human CHD4 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human BRD2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Hira polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human SPI1 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human BMI1 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human CHD4 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Rtf1 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Rtf1 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human SOX4 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human PADI4 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human MeCP2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human MeCP2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human MYH11 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human CIITA polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human HDAC1 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Spt16 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human BCL7C polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human LRWD1 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human KDM4D polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Spt16 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Med26 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Med26 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human MeCP2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human MeCP2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human MeCP2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human PPARG polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human PPARG polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human FKBP51 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human PIWIL2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human ACTL6B polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human JARID2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human JMJD2c polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human JMJD2c polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human LYDG10 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human JARID2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human ZMYND8 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human AKR1B10 Polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human p53K372me1 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human FGF-1 Polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human RFX-AP polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human EIF2C1/2 polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Goat that recognizes and binds to Human TGF-beta3 Polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human sRANK Ligand Polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Smc3K112/113ac polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Runx1/AML1-ETO polyclonal . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
